Marco Maraviglia. The Nonexistences of Photography
The author of Impossible Naples Project, a research initiative that began in 2000 and was made public sixteen years later
ReadGiovanni A. Scognamiglio //
Marco Maraviglia. The Nonexistences of Photography
The author of Impossible Naples Project, a research initiative that began in 2000 and was made public sixteen years later
A significant part of contemporary photography has gradually stopped questioning how to represent the world and has turned its attention to a different question: how can an image construct a reality rather than merely recording it? This is a decisive shift, marking the overcoming of the nineteenth-century idea of photography as a mere testimony of the visible.
Today, the photographer is no longer just an observer of reality but also someone who reassembles, interprets, and questions its relationships. Within this scenario, the research of Marco Maraviglia occupies an original position, as it addresses the theme of image construction without ever severing the link with reality. His photographs do not arise from the invention of fantastic worlds but from the patient recomposition of real fragments. It is this tension between what exists and what could exist that gives rise to what the author defines, with a term both simple and illuminating, nonexistences.
The word deserves attention. It does not indicate an illusion or a perceptual trick. A nonexistence is a place that does not exist but could have existed; a space constructed exclusively with authentic elements, removed from their original context and recomposed according to a different logic. Every dome, every staircase, every perspective, every building truly belongs to Naples. It is their relationship that changes. Photography does not invent new objects: it reinvents the relationships between those that already inhabit the world. This may be the deepest intuition of Maraviglia's work. Reality is not denied but interrogated in its still unexplored possibilities.
It is through Impossible Naples Project, a research initiative that began in 2000 and was made public sixteen years later at the PAN – Palazzo delle Arti di Napoli, that this reflection finds its most complete form. At first glance, the images seem to belong to the realm of surrealism or staged photography. The perspectives inevitably recall Escher, some constructions engage with the tradition of impossible architectures, while the precision of digital montage provides a surprising optical credibility. But stopping at this reading would mean grasping only the surface of the project. The truly original aspect is not the deformation of space, but the way Maraviglia transforms the city into a mental structure.

Every city indeed exists at least twice. It exists in physical space, measurable through maps, coordinates, and distances, but it also exists in the memory of those who traverse it. It is a city made of habitual paths, sudden glimpses, places that become familiar despite being distant, and emotional connections that replace geographical ones. No one remembers a city like an urban planner. Everyone unwittingly constructs their own inner cartography. Marco Maraviglia's photographs seem to make this invisible geography visible. Naples is not altered; it is remembered. Or rather, it is reconstructed according to the very functioning of memory, where time compresses distances and imagination completes what experience leaves unfinished.
From this perspective, his photographic archive assumes a central role. For most photographers, the archive represents a place of preservation, a repository of completed work. For Maraviglia, the opposite occurs. Thousands of images created over decades for publishing and travel photography are continuously reopened, deconstructed, and recombined. The archive does not safeguard the past: it produces new images. It is a living organism, a permanent laboratory in which each photograph relinquishes its documentary autonomy to become part of a broader construction. The author has humorously referred to a kind of “ecological photography”: nothing is created ex novo; everything arises from the reuse of his own iconographic heritage. However, behind this definition lies a much deeper reflection. Memory is never a static deposit; it is a continuous process of rewriting.
It is significant that Maraviglia never attributes a central role to technology. His works are created using Photoshop, but the tool remains in the background. Technique never becomes the subject of the work. It would be like attributing the meaning of a painting to the type of brush used by the painter. What matters is the compositional thought. His images are not the result of a digital processing for its own sake, but of a montage process in which photographs taken at different times find a new syntax. Rather than photomontage, one might speak of photographic writing. Each fragment retains its own optical truth but radically changes meaning when it enters into relation with others.

This idea of photography as construction also permeates the relationship that Maraviglia establishes with the audience. His works do not ask for passive contemplation. They require participation. The viewer is invited to recognize the places, to mentally reconstruct the spaces, to question what they are observing. It is no coincidence that during the exhibition at the PAN, recognizing the monuments became an integral part of the exhibition experience. The image does not offer an answer but poses a question. Photography thus transforms into an exercise of the gaze, an invitation to observe the world we believe we know with greater attention.
This dialogical dimension also emerges in the long processing times of the works. Metamorfosi Reloaded, probably the most emblematic work of the project, has matured over approximately ten years, progressively changing also thanks to the dialogue with architects, graphic designers, photographers, and artists involved in the happenings organized by the author. This is an aspect worth emphasizing, as it contrasts with the culture of immediacy that characterizes contemporary visual production. Maraviglia's images do not arise from a sudden intuition. They sediment slowly. They grow, change, accept doubt and revision. In a time that measures the value of images by the speed of their dissemination, this slowness takes on almost the value of an ethical choice.
There is also a less evident but equally important element that helps to understand the depth of his research. Before being an image maker, Marco Maraviglia has been an indefatigable reader of images. Books like Recengrafie testify to decades of reflections dedicated to the great protagonists of photography and art, from Gian Paolo Barbieri to Helmut Newton, from Robert Mapplethorpe to Franco Fontana, from Bruno Munari to Joan Miró, as well as numerous lesser-known but no less significant authors. This is not a parallel activity to his artistic production. On the contrary, it constitutes the ground on which that production has formed. Those who observe the photographs of others with critical attention inevitably end up constructing their own with a different awareness. Maraviglia's nonexistences do not arise solely from a photographic gaze; they arise from a long education of the gaze.
In this sense, his work transcends the traditional distinction between photographer, graphic designer, author, and critic. The different experiences intertwine to build a single practice of the image, in which production, reflection, and dissemination become complementary aspects of the same research. Even Ritracordi, deliberately distant from the language of the technical manual, confirms this attitude. More than teaching how to photograph, Maraviglia invites one to look. Or, as he likes to say, to “listen with the eyes”. This formula may seem simply poetic, yet it accurately describes the core of his thought: every image possesses a dimension that goes beyond what it shows. To photograph means learning to grasp also what remains silent.
In the age of artificial intelligence, where constructing impossible cities has become an exercise accessible to anyone, Marco Maraviglia's research paradoxically gains new relevance. Not because it anticipates technology, but because it reminds us of a fundamental distinction. An algorithm can produce infinite images. It is much more challenging to construct an imaginary. Impossible Naples Project is not a collection of spectacular visions, but a research developed over more than twenty years, fueled by a coherent gaze, a patiently built archive, and a continuous reflection on the relationship between photography, memory, and urban space.
Perhaps this is the rarest quality of Marco Maraviglia's work. His pieces do not invite us to flee from reality but to imagine it differently. His impossible cities do not replace Naples: they reveal a normally invisible dimension of it. Every place, he seems to suggest, contains many more possibilities than we are willing to see. Photography, then, no longer coincides with the act of stopping the world. It becomes the gesture, more complex and fertile, of continuing to imagine it.
Biographical Note
Marco Maraviglia is a photographer, graphic designer, and author. He has collaborated for many years with the publishing and tourism sectors and has developed, starting in 2000, Impossible Naples Project, a research dedicated to the construction of his famous nonexistences, images obtained exclusively by recomposing photographs from his own archive. Founder of the Associazione Culturale Photo Polis, he is the creator of the PAM – Photo Art Market. Alongside his artistic production, he engages in intense critical reflection on photography, documented in the volumes Recengrafie and Ritracordi, where he combines analysis, experience, and dissemination with the aim of educating towards a more conscious gaze.
Visit Marco Maraviglia's website https://impossiblenaples.weebly.com/collection.html
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